Agile

What Is "Working Software", Anyways?

When discussing fast feedback loops and continuous delivery, the question often arises: What is the result of an iteration? What is the artefact that is continuously delivered? The common answer is “working software.”

This terminology comes from the Agile Manifesto, particularly the value of “working software over comprehensive documentation.” But what exactly does “working software” mean?

The Misconception

In many cases—often intentionally—it’s misunderstood as barely running software and nothing more. This interpretation is especially common in established industries like manufacturing or automotive, where it’s followed by arguments about why agile or continuous delivery “won’t work here” and how such approaches are actually reckless. It’s often judged as something suitable for low-risk contexts, like web development, but not for ‘serious’ projects.